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Abstract
Gerakan pluralisme agama semakin hari semakin marak di Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Berbagai daya dan upaya serta potensi dikerahkan demi mewujudkan masyarakat Indonesia yang pluralis. Arus gerakan ini tidak hanya menjangkau kalangan awam, akan tetapi juga menjangkau kalangan yang merupakan tokoh agama yang menjadi panutan di masyarakat. Salah satunya adalah Kiyai Cholil Nafis, Ketua MUI Pusat (2020-2025) yang membidangi Dakwah dan Ukhuwah. Di dalam sebuah karya tulisnya, Nafis mengutarakan gagasan yang cukup problematik, yaitu 1) memandang bahwa pluralisme bukanlah terminologi yang menganggap semua agama sama. Akan tetapi hal tersebut terbukti keliru karena memang definisi itulah yang banyak menimbulkan perdebatan, bahkan MUI sendiri telah menerbitkan fatwa sesat pluralisme dengan berdasarkan definisi tersebut. 2) Konsep kemanusiaan yang berdasarkan egaliter dan memosisikannya seolah setara atau lebih tinggi dari syariat Islam. Akan tetapi, konsep tersebut terbukti keliru karena konsep kemanusiaan dalam Islam tunduk di bawah naungan syari’at Islam yang lebih mengedepankan aspek ukhrawi (esoteris). 3) Piagam Madinah merupakan konsep pluralisme dan kebebasan beragama. Pandangan ini sangat keliru karena di dalam Islam, hanya Islam satu-satunya jalan yang menuju surga Allah ta’ala. Absolutisme ajaran Islam adalah sesuatu yang wajib diterima menurut consensus seluruh ulama otoritatif Islam. Ini juga menunjukkan bahwa seluruh manusia mempunyai kewajiban untuk memeluk agama Islam. Jika tidak, maka konsekuensinya akan dimasukkan ke dalam siksa Allah di hari Kiamat. Sehingga, sejatinya, manusia terikat dan tidak bebas untuk memilih agama dan keyakinan. Dan terkait potensi konflik yang seringkali dijadikan dalih untuk meligitimasi konsep pluralisme maka penulis mengajukan resolusi -untuk konteks ke Indonesiaan yang majemuk- yang telah terbukti berhasil diterapkan oleh kaum muslimin di era kejayaan Islam yaitu idealnya dengan menerapkan regulasi ahlidzzimmah, namun karena Indonesia bukanlah negara yang berdasarkan ajaran islam maka bisa mengaplikasikan sebagian dari pasal-pasal Piagam Madinah dengan penekanan kepada peningkatan gerakan pembinaan akhlak mulia, misalnya dimulai dari sekolah-sekolah melalui mata pelajaran agama masing-masing agama baik secara kualitatif maupun secara kuantitatif.
The movement of religious pluralism is becoming increasingly prominent in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. Various efforts and resources are being mobilized to create a pluralistic Indonesian society. This movement's influence extends not only to the general public but also to religious leaders who are societal role models. One notable figure is Kiyai Cholil Nafis, the Chairman of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) from 2020 to 2025, who is responsible for Da'wah and Ukhuwah. In one of his writings, Nafis presents several problematic ideas: 1) He views pluralism not as a term that equates all religions. However, this has proven incorrect because it is this very definition that has sparked much debate. In fact, MUI itself has issued a fatwa declaring pluralism heretical based on this definition. 2) The concept of humanity based on egalitarianism is positioned as equal to or higher than Islamic law. However, this concept is flawed because humanity in Islam is subordinate to Islamic law, which prioritizes esoteric aspects. 3)The Charter of Medina is considered a concept of pluralism and religious freedom. This view is highly erroneous because, in Islam, only Islam is seen as the path to Allah's paradise. The absolutism of Islamic teachings is mandatory according to the consensus of authoritative Islamic scholars. This also implies that all humans are obliged to embrace Islam. Otherwise, the consequence is eternal punishment by Allah on the Day of Judgment. Therefore, humans are fundamentally bound and not free to choose their religion and beliefs. Regarding potential conflicts often used as a pretext to legitimize the concept of pluralism, the author proposes a resolution tailored to Indonesia's diverse context. This resolution has proven successful among Muslims during the Islamic golden age, ideally through implementing the regulations of "Ahl al-Dhimmah." However, since Indonesia is not an Islamic state, it can partially apply articles from the Charter of Medina with an emphasis on promoting noble moral education. This could start in schools through the religious education of each religion, both qualitatively and quantitatively.
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