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Abstract
Kesuksesan pemerintah China dalam menyediakan akses pendidikan bagi seluruh warganya dengan puncak lulusan pada tahun 2023 berjumlah 10 juta lulusan menjadi sebuah dilema, karena pemerintah China juga gagal menyediakan ketersediaan lapangan pekerja untuk menyerap lulusan tersebut. Tidak tersedianya lapangan pekerjaan tersebut meningkatkan presentase pengangguran pada tahun 2023 sebesar 21% dari tahun 2022, permasalahan tersebut menciptakan fenomena chūn zǐ ér nǚ atau full-time children sebagai profesi baru bagi generasi muda China, sebanyak 4000 orang dalam sosial media Douban yang telah mendeklarasikan berprofesi sebagai full-time children. Fenomena tersebut akan diteliti menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan data penelitian yang bersumber dari kepustakaan, berita dan informasi negara. Data-data tersebut dikaji menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif analisis, deskriptif komparatif dan beberapa pendekatan untuk memberikan hasil penelitian yang integrative seperti pendekatan behavioristic, kultural, hukum dan islam. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan berbagai macam faktor yang menyebabkan fonemana chūn zǐ ér nǚ dan faktor-faktor tersebut juga terjadi di Indonesia, sehingga fenomena tersebut memiliki probabilitas menyebar ke generasi muda perkotaan khususnya. Dalam kajian tradisional dan kultural, fenomena tersebut bukan suatu profesi, melainkan pendidikan tradisional yang ada di sosial kemasyarakatan Indonesia. Namun, dalam pendekatan hukum, fenomena tersebut merupakan suatu hubungan hukum antara pekerja dengan pemberi kerja dengan prestasi, hak dan kewajiban dari timbulnya hubungan hukum melalui perikatan atau perjanjian kerja, hal tersebut berdasarkan kecakapan hukum dari generasi muda China yang telah mencapai usia cakap hukum. Pemerintah perlu untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan dalam negeri seperti faktor ekonomi, faktor pendidikan dan faktor generasi sebagai faktor yang terjadi di China, faktor-faktor tersebut dapat menghambat program Indonesia emas 2045.
The Chinese government's success in providing access to education for all its citizens, with a peak of 10 million graduates in 2023, is a dilemma because the Chinese government has also failed to provide employment opportunities to absorb these graduates. The unavailability of jobs increases the percentage of unemployment in 2023 by 21% from 2022. This problem creates the phenomenon of chūn zǐ ér nǚ, or full-time children, as a new profession for China's young generation. As many as 4000 people on Douban social media have declared their profession as a full-time child. This phenomenon will be researched using qualitative research methods with research data sourced from literature, news, and state information. These data were studied using descriptive analysis, comparative descriptive approaches, and several approaches to provide integrative research results, such as behavioristic, cultural, legal, and Islamic approaches. In this research, various factors were found that cause phonemana chūn zǐ ér nǚ, and these factors also occur in Indonesia, so this phenomenon has the possibility of spreading to the urban younger generation in particular. In traditional and cultural studies, this phenomenon is not a profession but traditional education that exists in Indonesian society. However, in a legal sense, this phenomenon is a legal relationship between workers and employers with achievements, rights, and obligations resulting from the emergence of a legal relationship through employment agreements or agreements. This is based on the legal skills of China's young generation, who have reached legal age. The government needs to resolve domestic problems such as economic factors, educational factors, and generational factors that occur in China. These factors can hinder the Indonesia Gold 2045 programme.
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