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Abstract
Salah satu hal utama yang perlu diperhatikan untuk memahami makna suatu kalimat adalah konteks. Mengesampingkan konteks sama saja dengan memperlakukan sebuah kalimat atau ujaran secara tidak adil, karena keduanya saling terkait dalam proses pembentukan makna. Artikel ini mengeksplorasi pemikiran tiga tokoh utama dalam kajian teks dan konteks, yaitu Abdul Qahir al-Jurjani, J.R. Firth, dan Teun A. van Dijk, serta relevansinya dalam analisis modern. Studi ini juga membahas aplikasi teori mereka dalam berbagai kajian modern, termasuk analisis sastra, linguistik fungsional, analisis wacana kritis, dan studi media. Pendekatan al-Jurjani membantu memahami pengaruh konteks historis dan budaya terhadap interpretasi karya sastra, sementara konsep Firth memperdalam analisis interaksi antara struktur teks dan konteks sosial. Model kognisi sosial van Dijk membuka peluang untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana pengalaman individu dan konteks sosial membentuk pemahaman teks. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa makna bahasa merupakan hasil interaksi kompleks antara teks dan konteks. Integrasi teori-teori ini dalam kajian modern memberikan wawasan mendalam tentang komunikasi manusia serta pembentukan makna dalam berbagai situasi sosial dan budaya. Dengan demikian, pemikiran al-Jurjani, Firth, dan van Dijk tetap relevan dalam menjelaskan dinamika komunikasi di era modern.
One of the key aspects to consider in understanding the meaning of a sentence is context. Ignoring context is equivalent to treating a sentence or utterance unfairly, as both are inherently interconnected in the process of meaning formation. This article explores the ideas of three prominent figures in the study of text and context: Abdul Qahir al-Jurjani, J.R. Firth, and Teun A. van Dijk, as well as their relevance in modern analysis. The study also examines the application of their theories in various contemporary fields, including literary analysis, functional linguistics, critical discourse analysis, and media studies. Al-Jurjani’s approach aids in understanding the influence of historical and cultural contexts on the interpretation of literary works, while Firth’s concept enhances the analysis of interactions between text structures and social contexts. Van Dijk’s model of social cognition provides opportunities to explore how individual experiences and social contexts shape text comprehension. The findings indicate that the meaning of language results from the complex interaction between text and context. Integrating these theories into modern studies offers profound insights into human communication and the formation of meaning in diverse social and cultural situations. Thus, the thoughts of al-Jurjani, Firth, and van Dijk remain highly relevant in explaining the dynamics of communication in the modern era
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