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Abstract
Pemikiran ekonomi Islam pada masa Dinasti Umayyah (661–750 M) menjadi fondasi sistem ekonomi yang etis dan berkelanjutan. Konsep keadilan ekonomi pada era ini meliputi pemerataan kekayaan, pengentasan kemiskinan, dan perlindungan hak-hak ekonomi individu maupun masyarakat, dengan landasan Al-Qur'an dan hadits. Negara memainkan peran aktif dalam distribusi zakat dan pengelolaan baitul mal untuk mencegah ketimpangan ekonomi yang berlebihan, dengan mengintegrasikan aspek material, moral, dan spiritual. Prinsip-prinsip ini relevan untuk pembangunan ekonomi modern yang inklusif, terutama dalam mengatasi isu global seperti kemiskinan, kesenjangan sosial, dan eksploitasi sumber daya alam. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif historis, mengacu pada literatur klasik dan modern terkait ekonomi Islam. Proses analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif-kualitatif dengan pendekatan tematik untuk mengidentifikasi pola kebijakan ekonomi yang mencerminkan nilai-nilai Islam. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan fiskal, sistem moneter, dan pengelolaan wakaf pada masa tersebut berhasil menciptakan keseimbangan antara pertumbuhan ekonomi dan keadilan sosial. Gagasan-gagasan tersebut memiliki relevansi untuk diterapkan dalam merancang sistem ekonomi masa kini yang lebih adil dan berkelanjutan. Kesimpulannya, prinsip-prinsip ekonomi Islam dari era Dinasti Umayyah dapat menjadi inspirasi untuk mendorong transformasi ekonomi yang inklusif dan berlandaskan nilai-nilai Islam.
Islamic economic thought during the Umayyad Dynasty (661–750 AD) became the foundation of an ethical and sustainable economic system. The concept of economic justice in this era includes equal distribution of wealth, poverty alleviation, and protection of individual and community economic rights, based on the Qur'an and hadith. The state plays an active role in the distribution of zakat and the management of baitul mal to prevent excessive economic inequality, by integrating material, moral, and spiritual aspects. These principles are relevant for the development of an inclusive modern economy, especially in addressing global issues such as poverty, social inequality, and the exploitation of natural resources. This study uses a historical qualitative approach, referring to classical and modern literature related to Islamic economics. The analysis process is carried out in a descriptive-qualitative manner with a thematic approach to identify economic policy patterns that reflect Islamic values. The findings of the study show that fiscal policy, monetary system, and waqf management at that time succeeded in creating a balance between economic growth and social justice. These ideas have relevance to be applied in designing today's economic system that is more equitable and sustainable. In conclusion, the principles of Islamic economics from the Umayyad Dynasty era can be an inspiration to encourage inclusive economic transformation based on Islamic values
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