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Abstract
Salah satu permasalahan utama dalam topik ekonomi adalah lambannya pembayaran hutang dan pembayaran yang buruk (al-matl). Permasalahan inilah yang memantik pemikiran para pedagang, investor, dan pelaku bisnis pada umumnya, baik perorangan maupun korporasi. Selain itu, hal ini berdampak buruk pada mereka yang terlibat dalam industri perbankan dan koperasi, baik yang mengikuti praktik perbankan konvensional maupun syariah. Oleh karena itu, setiap produk hukum di pasaran menanggapi masalah ini dengan serius. Bank konvensional yang bertindak sebagai penyedia utang menentukan solusinya dengan meningkatkan jumlah pembayaran yang diwajibkan kepadanya akibat keterlambatan pembayaran utang, seperti bunga, terlepas dari mampu atau tidaknya ia membayarnya. Lembaga atau individu sebagai pemberi pinjaman juga menentukan denda jika debitur terlambat membayar pinjamannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa secara sederhana beberapa hal tentang sanksi denda bagi penghutang yang menunda-nunda pembayaran hutangnya dalam perspektif fiqih. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode tinjauan pustaka, dengan data primer berupa referensi buku, jurnal dan sumber lainnya yang ada hubungannya dengan tema terkait. Mengacu hukum Islam, dalam perkara hutang sangat diperhatikan faktor kemampuan peminjam dalam pembayaran hutangnya, apakah mereka masuk kategori mampu atau tidak mampu. Sehingga terdapat beberapa sangsi dan konsekuensi sebagai resiko atas keterlambatan pembayaran utangnya.
One of the main issues in economic topics is sluggish debt/loan repayment and poor payment (al-matl). This issue has sparked the ideas of traders, investors, and business people in general, whether they are individuals or corporations. This also has negative impact on those involved in the banking and cooperative industries, whether they follow conventional or syariah banking practices. Therefore, every legal product on the market takes this issue very seriously. The conventional banks act as debt provider determine a solution by increasing the amount of payment required of him due to late debt payments, such as interest, regardless of whether he is able to pay it or not. The institution or individual as a loans provider also determine fines if debtor is late in paying his loan. The purpose of this study was to analyze several things regarding fines for debtors who delay paying their debts from a fiqh perspective. The research method used is a library research method that uses primary data in this study are books, journals and others that exist in accordance with the theme of this study. According to Islamic law, in a debt cases, the debtor’s ability to pay their debts is very important, whether they are in the category of capable or not. So there are several types of consequences and risk determinations for those who are late in debt payment.
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