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Abstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kemunduran Dinasti Abbasiyah dan dampak invasi Mongol terhadap peradaban Islam. Dinasti Abbasiyah yang berkuasa selama lebih dari 500 tahun (750-1258 M) mengalami masa kejayaan yang luar biasa sebelum akhirnya mengalami kemunduran dan kehancuran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal yang berkontribusi pada kemunduran dinasti, mengkaji strategi dan dampak invasi Mongol, serta mengevaluasi konsekuensi jangka panjangnya terhadap peradaban Islam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi dari lemahnya kepemimpinan khalifah, konflik internal, dan tekanan eksternal berkontribusi pada kemunduran dinasti. Invasi Mongol yang dipimpin oleh Hulagu Khan pada tahun 1258 M menjadi pukulan terakhir yang menghancurkan dinasti ini. Kehancuran Baghdad sebagai pusat peradaban Islam membawa dampak mendalam pada perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, politik, dan ekonomi dunia Islam yang berlangsung hingga periode modern
This research examines the factors that led to the decline of the Abbasid Dynasty and the impact of the Mongol invasion on Islamic civilization. The Abbasid Dynasty, which ruled for more than 500 years (750-1258 CE), experienced an extraordinary golden age before finally experiencing decline and destruction. This study aims to analyze the internal and external factors that contributed to the dynasty's decline, examine the strategy and impact of the Mongol invasion, and evaluate its long-term consequences for Islamic civilization. The results show that a combination of weak caliphate leadership, internal conflicts, and external pressures contributed to the dynasty's decline. The Mongol invasion led by Hulagu Khan in 1258 CE became the final blow that destroyed this dynasty. The destruction of Baghdad as the center of Islamic civilization had profound impacts on the development of science, politics, and economics of the Islamic world that continued into the modern period.
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