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Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis perbandingan antara pandangan Madzhab Maliki dan hukum positif Indonesia mengenai hak waris orang yang berkelamin ganda (Khuntsa Musykil) dengan tujuan memahami perbedaan dan persamaannya. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode pengumpulan data studi pustaka. Ilmu waris merupakan ilmu yang kurang populer di kalangan umat Islam saat ini. Pembelajaran ilmu ini hanya dipelajari di sebagian pondok pesantren dan sekolah agama seperti madrasah aliyah negeri (MAN). Dalam ilmu waris banyak macam permasalahan, di antaranya masalah ketika seseorang lahir dengan kondisi kelamin ganda. Dalam pandangan agama Islam, masalah hak waris bagi orang yang berkelamin ganda ini menjadi perdebatan di antara para ulama. Di sisi lain, hukum positif Indonesia juga memiliki ketentuan-ketentuan yang mengatur hak waris. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Waris adalah hak yang dapat dibagi, ditetapkan untuk ahli waris setelah kematian pewaris karena adanya hubungan kekerabatan antara mereka, seperti hubungan pernikahan. (2) Dalam Madzhab Maliki, Khuntsa Musykil mendapat separuh dari dua perkiraan laki-laki dan perempuan apabila mewarisi dari bagian laki-laki dan perempuan. (3) Sistem hukum waris di Indonesia berlaku pluralisme hukum waris, ada hukum waris Islam, hukum waris perdata dan hukum waris adat. Mengenai pembagian harta warisan terhadap ahli waris Khuntsa Musykil menurut KHI porsi pembagian harta warisnya akan diselesaikan dengan keputusan hakim di pengadilan, Adapun pembagian warisannya dalam KUH Perdata (Burgelijk Wetboek) perihal pembagian warisan tidak membedakan bagian laki-laki dan perempuan. Dalam hukum adat dipengaruhi oleh sistem kekerabatan dan juga karena pengaruh agama, sehingga antara daerah yang satu dengan yang lainnya terdapat perbedaan untuk pembagian warisannya.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the comparison between the views of the Maliki school of thought and Indonesian positive law regarding the inheritance rights of persons of multiple sexes (Khuntsa Musykil) with the aim of understanding the differences and similarities. The research approach used in this research is qualitative by using literature study data collection methods. The science of inheritance is a science that is less popular among Muslims today. Learning this knowledge is only studied in a number of Islamic boarding schools and religious schools such as the state Islamic high school (MAN). In the science of inheritance, there are many kinds of problems, including the problem when a person is born with multiple sex conditions. In the view of Islam, the issue of inheritance rights for people with multiple genders is a debate among scholars. On the other hand, Indonesian positive law also has provisions governing inheritance rights. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Inheritance is a right that can be divided. Determined for the heirs after the death of the heir because of a kinship relationship between them, such as a marriage relationship. (2) In the Maliki school of thought, Khuntsa Musykil gets half of the two estimates of men and women if they inherit from the male and female shares. (3) The inheritance law system in Indonesia applies inheritance law pluralism, there is Islamic inheritance law, civil inheritance law and customary inheritance law. Regarding the distribution of inheritance to the Khuntsa Musykil heirs, according to KHI, the portion of the distribution of inheritance will be settled by a judge's decision in court. As for the distribution of inheritance in the Civil Code (Burgelijk Wetboek), regarding the division of inheritance, it does not distinguish between male and female parts. In customary law, it is influenced by the kinship system and also because of the influence of religion, so that between one region and another there are differences in the distribution of inheritance.

Keywords

Waris Khuntsa Musykil Maliki Hukum Inheritance Law

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