Konsep Akhlak Dalam Kitab Ayyuhal Walad dan Relevansinya Terhadap Pendidikan Karakter Anak Usia Dini

Abstract

Betapa pentingnya pendidikan moral terhadap anak usia dini. Ada kisah yang menarik bagi saya ketika mendengarkan cerita seorang ibu yang setia mengantarkan anaknya ke sekolah, beliau menceritakan bahwa anaknya semenjak sekolah mengalami banyak perubahan terutama terhadap perilaku dirumahnya dan berteman dengan teman-temannya. Saat kakanya marah pada adiknya, adiknya langsung berkata kaka “kata ibu guruku La taghdob walakal Jannah, kalo kita marah kita harus baca taawudz”. Fokus penelitian, dalam penulisan penelitian ini penulis memfokuskan kepada masalah Pendidikan Moral Anak Dini menurut Imam Al-Ghazali, yang metodenya adalah penelitian kepustakaan (Library Reseacrh). Subjek peneliti ini adalah Pendidikan Akhlak menurut Imam al-Ghozali. Dalam menganalisa data yang telah terkumpul penulis menggunakan teknik deskriptif analisis, yaitu teknik analisis data yang menggunakan menafsirkan serta mengklasifikasikan dengan membandingkan fenomena-fenomena pada masalah yang diteliti melalui langkah mengumpulkan data, menganalisa data dan menginterpretasi data dengan metode berpikir deduktif dan induktif. Setelah dianalisis maka dipadukan kembali unsur-unsur tersebut untuk mencapai suatu kesimpulan. Kitab Ayyuhal Walad ini ditulis oleh Imam Al-Ghazali sebagai jawaban kepada sepucuk surat yang dikirim oleh seorang murid beliau yang sangat mencintainya, dimana didalam surat itu murid beliu meminta agar imam Al-Ghazali sudi menulis sepucuk surat yang merupakan suatu nasehat yang ditujukan kepadanya secara khusus, walaupun ia yakin bahwa isi kandungan surat tersebut telah ada termaktub dalam kitab-kitab lainnya. Pendidikan Akhlak menurut al-Ghazali dalam kitab Ayyuhal walad yaitu: religius: mempunyai akhlak yang mulia, dan mengendalikan hawa nafsu. Toleransi: saling menghargai, tidak saling mencela dan  menggunjing. Kerja keras: tidak gampang menyerah dan rajin belajar. Kreatif: mempunyai ambisi yang kuat dan berkomitmen tinggi. Rasa ingin tahu: semangat belajar yang tinggi dan selalu ingin tahu. Tanggung jawab: dapat dipercaya, peduli lingkungan, dan selalu berkata jujur. Relevansi pendidikan moral menurut Al-Ghazali dalam kitab Ayyuhal Walad terhadap pendidikan karakter bagi anak, yaitu: religius, toleransi, kerja keras, kreatif, rasa ingin tahu, dan tanggung jawab.

How important moral education is for young children. There was an interesting story for me when I listened to the story of a mother who faithfully took her child to school. She said that her child had experienced many changes since going to school, especially in his behavior at home and making friends with his friends. When his older brother was angry with his younger brother, his younger brother immediately said "my teacher said La taghdob walakal Jannah, if we are angry we have to read taawudz". Research focus, in writing this thesis the author focuses on the problem of Early Childhood Moral Education according to Imam Al-Ghazali, whose method is library research (Library Research). The subject of this research is Moral Education according to Imam al-Ghozali. In analyzing the data that has been collected, the author uses descriptive analysis techniques, namely data analysis techniques that use interpreting and classifying by comparing phenomena in the problem being studied through the steps of collecting data, analyzing data and interpreting data using deductive and inductive thinking methods. After analysis, these elements are combined again to reach a conclusion. The book Ayyuhal Walad was written by Imam Al-Ghazali in response to a letter sent by a student of his who loved him very much, where in the letter the student asked Imam Al-Ghazali to write a letter which was advice addressed to him specifically. , even though he was sure that the contents of the letter were already contained in other books. Moral education according to al-Ghazali in the book Ayyuhal walad is: religious: having noble morals, and controlling one's desires. Tolerance: respect each other, do not criticize and backbite each other. Hard work: don't give up easily and study hard. Creative: have strong ambition and high commitment. Curiosity: high enthusiasm for learning and always curious. Responsibility: trustworthy, cares about the environment, and always tells the truth. The relevance of moral education according to Al-Ghazali in the book Ayyuhal Walad to character education for children, namely: religiousness, tolerance, hard work, creativity, curiosity and responsibility.